Student: Figure 11 in Proske & Gandevia (2012) is fixed. I used plurals and changed Motor Command to Motor Commands and Efference Copy to Efference Copy Signals! Professor: Attaway. Nice quick thinking. Student: And where do the Efference Copies go? Professor: Actually, as many as four copies with one coming: 1)    from the spinal cord […]

Student: What a pile of articles! And what did you find on commanding movement? Professor: It depends upon: What are the types of movements? What is the nature of the network(s) for motor command? Student: Well, one way of looking at movements is to consider the muscle mass involved: Fine motor movements, like tapping on […]

Student: Proske and Gandevia in 2012 described an exafferent component as the “afferent signals generated by stimuli of an external origin”. Professor: Well said; almost an exact quote. Student: For me, running is mostly automatic, overlearned, rhythmic movement. How come I have no Sense of Effort during long periods of slow, easy running? Professor: The […]

Student: Your post for October 15th, 2012 had the title, “What is meant by Effort or Exertion?” Have you gotten any clues? Professor: Well, as a matter of fact I reread that Post, and I found a review article by Prostke and Gandevia (2012) that have provided some much needed insight. Here is some of […]

Student: Wow, was I ever slipping and sliding, just trying to walk outside. It was a street with patches of ice: step, step, slide, step, sliiiide, …. Professor: My walking was off today, too. I was limping from sore knee like walking in a wooden leg: step, thump, step, thump, …. Student: I noticed I […]